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2. The mother of carbon materials: Graphene is the basic structure in various forms of carbon. Other carbon new materials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, ballistic transistors, etc. can be successfully prepared from graphene, and thus graphene is also Known as the "mother of carbon materials."

 Single-layer graphene belongs to a two-dimensional crystal. Since the two-dimensional crystal has thermodynamic instability, it is accompanied by wrinkles (pleats are necessary for the existence of two-dimensional graphene).

Graphene is generally considered to be a topological insulator with internal insulation and surface conduction, which is a new condensed state different from conductors and insulators. We believe that in the 21st century, mankind will move from the silicon era to the graphene era.

Iridium Technology develops a new stripping mechanical multi-function grinder - nano-cone mill, also known as high-end intelligent nano-colloid mill is patented for mechanical method graphene with high speed, dispersion, stirring, shearing, frequent stripping, grinding, crushing, etc. The carbon energy and 2D two-dimensional and 3D three-dimensional mechanical exfoliation of graphene nanofibers are prepared by grinding and grinding. The in-line colloidal cone mill design has many aspects of innovation, and can be set to have cold source such as coolant without contact with grinding media according to user requirements. It is only used as an indirect cooling medium to achieve ultra-low temperature pulverization, material explosion-proof, anti-oxidation and non-polluting materials, etc., while the pulverized material remains in its original state. The whole colloid mill grinding system and filter, compensation device, transmission device, intelligent temperature control and other mechanical components are a new type of intelligent colloid mill unit, which only needs to be connected with feed and discharge mixing, high shear ultra-fine particle grinding and other functions. Widely used in titanium dioxide, white carbon black, silicone oil, carbon black, pharmaceuticals, defoamers, foaming agents, catalysts, matting agents, adhesives, pigments, flame retardant materials, coating pastes, emulsified oils, asphalt, coal slurry, Graphite, carbon black, and other food, chemical, pharmaceutical, daily chemical, biological engineering, water treatment, minerals, new energy, nano materials and other industries.

Industrial policy: global support policy, China's support policy and billions of market scale graphene as industrial additives, the material itself is not large in scale, and institutions predict that by 2020, the market size of graphene materials itself will be between US$150 million and US$300 million. And maintain a growth rate of more than 40% during the period of 2015-2020. However, as a basic material, graphene has a wide range of downstream applications. BCC Research predicts that the global market for graphene in 2018 may reach 195 million US dollars. The scale of graphene application in 2023 will reach 1.343 billion US dollars, with a compound growth rate of 47%.

"Made in China 2025" clarifies the development goal of graphene. In 2020, the technical level of "scale preparation and electrochemical energy storage, printed electronics, lightweight high-strength composite materials for aerospace, marine engineering anti-corrosion, etc. reached the international level and greatly improved. The performance of related products has formed an industrial scale of 10 billion yuan. In 2025, it broke through the technical bottleneck of the application of graphene in the field of electronic information, and the overall industrial scale exceeded 100 billion.

Technology to be mature, technical maturity curve Graphene classification, according to the number of layers of graphene according to the number of layers, which can be divided into: single-layer graphene, double-layer graphene and a small layer of graphene. When the number of graphene layers exceeds 10 layers, the properties are close to that of thin layer graphite. According to the form: graphene can be divided into graphene film, powder / microchip according to product form. Graphene is very thin and hard: single-layer graphene is only 0.335 nanometers thick and is one-hundredth of a thousandth the diameter of hair. Humans are known to have high strength: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and tensile strength reflect the material's resistance to deformation, elasticity and fracture resistance, respectively.

Young's modulus reaches 1TPa, which is equivalent to single-walled carbon nanotubes. The strength is about 180GPa, which is 100 times that of ordinary steel; the toughness is 20 times that of carbon fiber; the tensile strength exceeds 125GPa; the hardness exceeds that of diamond. It is very conductive. Graphene is an ideal two-dimensional crystal material. The speed of electron movement reaches 1/300 of the speed of light, and the conductivity is up to 10^6 3 2/m. It is a very good conductive material at room temperature. Know good conductor silver or copper. The carrier mobility is very high. The internal carrier mobility of graphene can reach 2×10^5cm^2 /Vs, which is 140 times of the electron mobility in silicon. It is an ideal material for various conductors and semiconductor electrical components in the future. .

Thermal conductivity is very good: Graphene is a known material with a high thermal conductivity, and its theoretical thermal conductivity reaches 5300 W/mK, which is a good material for conducting heat at room temperature.

High light transmission: Single-layer graphene absorbs light at a rate of only 2.3% and is effective for any wavelength, breaking the limitation of the absorption bands of commonly used semiconductor compounds such as gallium arsenide only at the visible and near-infrared ends. A transparent conductive film is prepared instead of ITO for use in touch panels, flexible liquid crystal panels, solar cells, and LED lighting.

Large specific surface area: Graphene has a large specific surface area of ??2630m^2/g. It can be used as a strong adsorbent and filter material in environmental protection, desalination, etc. It can also act as a storage material load. Graphene preparation, in the preparation technology, redox method and physical stripping method are often used to prepare graphene powder, and chemical vapor deposition and epitaxial growth methods are often used to prepare graphene film. Basic principle: The mechanical peeling method is to stick the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sheet on the tape and repeatedly peel off, and finally obtain a series of graphene nanosheets with different layers. Technical advantages: The method is highly controllable, simple in method and low in cost, and can obtain multi-layer (less than 10 layers) graphene nanosheets, and the size can be as large as 10 μm. Technical Difficulties: It is impossible to control the size of graphene nanosheets and it is difficult to achieve large-scale production.